
威廉•H•麥加菲,美國(guó)著名教育家。1800年出生于賓夕法尼亞州,1826年畢業(yè)于華盛頓大學(xué)杰斐遜學(xué)院。在數(shù)十年教育生涯中,他曾擔(dān)任過(guò)邁阿密大學(xué)語(yǔ)言學(xué)教授,俄亥俄大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)。自1845年開(kāi)始任弗吉尼亞大學(xué)道德哲學(xué)教授。他還幫助組建了俄亥俄州公立學(xué)校體系。
早在19世紀(jì)初期,麥加菲就意識(shí)到,應(yīng)該給那些孤獨(dú)的墾荒者和歐洲移民的后代提供普遍的教育,于是他利用自己作為演講家與教育工作者的天賦,開(kāi)始為孩子們編寫(xiě)系列教材。這套教材共7冊(cè),從學(xué)齡前至第6年級(jí)。他前后花費(fèi)了20多年的時(shí)間才完成全套教材的編寫(xiě)。這套教材面世后就被美國(guó)很多學(xué)校選為課本。在75年間銷(xiāo)量高達(dá)1.22億,直到今天仍以各種版本流行于西方,被美國(guó)《出版周刊》評(píng)為“人類(lèi)出版史上第三大暢銷(xiāo)書(shū)”,對(duì)美國(guó)青年的心靈塑造與道德培養(yǎng)產(chǎn)生了史無(wú)前例的影響。
William Holmes McGuffey (September 23, 1800 – May 4, 1873) was an American professor and college president who is best known for writing the McGuffey Readers, one of the nation's first and most widely used series of textbooks. It is estimated that at least 122 million copies of McGuffey Readers were sold between 1836 and 1960, placing its sales in a category with the Bible and Webster's Dictionary.
《美國(guó)語(yǔ)文讀本(套裝共1-6冊(cè))(美國(guó)原版經(jīng)典語(yǔ)文課本)》:這套讀本的英文原版共分七級(jí),包括啟蒙讀本和第1-6級(jí)。考慮到啟蒙讀本與第一級(jí)篇幅都較少,難易程度也很接近,于是我們將之合并為第1冊(cè),其余2-6級(jí)與英文原版相同。這樣國(guó)內(nèi)出版的這套讀本共包括6冊(cè)。第1冊(cè)從字母表開(kāi)始,主要側(cè)重于字母的發(fā)音與書(shū)寫(xiě)、簡(jiǎn)單的單詞與句型,同時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)英文書(shū)寫(xiě),課文后面附有不少書(shū)法練習(xí),讓孩子們不僅將英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得像外國(guó)人,而且寫(xiě)得也跟外文書(shū)法一樣,這是國(guó)內(nèi)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)所缺少的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。從第2冊(cè)開(kāi)始,均是比較正式的課文了,每一課包括詞匯和課文,對(duì)一些生詞有英文解釋?zhuān)寣W(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單英文理解生詞,養(yǎng)成用英語(yǔ)理解和思維的習(xí)慣。第4冊(cè)還附有課后思考練習(xí),這些練習(xí)可以幫助學(xué)生更好理解文章,引發(fā)孩子們的思考。第5冊(cè)和第6冊(cè)的課文前增加了作者簡(jiǎn)介與相關(guān)背景知識(shí),內(nèi)容豐富而有一定深度。
從所選課文的英文難易程度來(lái)看,大致而言,這套讀本的第1-3冊(cè)跟國(guó)內(nèi)小學(xué)畢業(yè)程度相近,第4冊(cè)則適用于初中生閱讀使用,第5、6冊(cè)可供高中及以上程度學(xué)習(xí)者閱讀。從文體方面我們可以看出,除了常見(jiàn)的記敘、散文體以外,這套讀本對(duì)詩(shī)歌、戲劇、論說(shuō)文等文體也很重視,書(shū)中選取了不少名家的名作名篇。這對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)孩子們真正感受英語(yǔ)這一西方語(yǔ)言的魄力是大有幫助的。
This series of schoolbooks teaching reading and moral precepts, originally prepared by William Holmes who was a professor at Miami University McGuffey, had a profound influence on public education in the United States. The eclectic readers, meaning that the selections were chosen from a number of sources, were considered remarkably literary works and probably exerted a greater influence upon literary tastes in the United States more than any other book, excluding the Bible.
It is estimated that at least 120 million copies of McGuffey's Readers were sold between 1836 and 1960, placing its sales in a category with the Bible and Webster's Dictionary. Since 1961 they have continued to sell at a rate of some 30,000 copies a year. No other textbook bearing a single person's name has come close to that mark. McGuffey's Readers are still in use today in some school systems, and by parents for home schooling purposes.